FIID

Background Micro-mobility is a form of transportation that travels short distances using lightweight vehicles such as e-scooters or e-bicycles. Micro-mobility is now prevalent in major cities worldwide and is seen by many users of urban areas as an alternative to motor vehicle transport. Micro-mobility offers considerably higher speeds than walking, is more environmentally friendly and convenient than driving, and does not require expensive car-parking facilities. A helmet is vital personal protective equipment that significantly reduces the risk of head injuries resulting from falling while using micromobility services. However, many users do not use a helmet or wear a traditional bicycle helmet despite the much higher speeds while riding micro-mobility. By considering user behavior, designing micromobility helmets should consider protecting riders head injuries, wearing comfort, and maximizing the portability to be easy to carry. In addition, from an environmental perspective, the material used for the current mobility helmet market is far from eco-friendly. As user demand increases, it is time to examine the application of sustainable materials for helmet production. To meet the aim of this study, we explore the various materials to satisfy the essential function of helmets for riders of micro-mobility (e.g., safety, comfortability, portability) along with promoting sustainability. This study seeks to encourage more riders to wear helmets while using micro-mobility to prevent head injuries. Therefore, the developed helmet should be easy-to-carry, comfortable to wear, lightweight and portable. Methods To promote the use of environmentally friendly products, this study evaluated various eco-friendly materials that can design a highly portable form of the final product at the design stage. This study considered two sustainable materials for helmet production: corrugated cardboard and cork and one recyclable material, Nylon 66, from automobile airbags. Finally, using finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, this study tested all the proposed final designs to examine if the designed helmets meet the applicable safety standards and their functional requirements. Results The FEA analysis showed that the corrugated paper helmet was superior in relation to the stress on a riders head, recorded as 5KPa at 80km/h. The CFD analysis revealed that the cork helmet showed better performance in terms of the temperature of a riders head. The cork helmet reduced the temperature by 3.6°C from an initial head temperature set at 36.5°C. Conclusions Considering broad design factors, portability, cooling capacity, and eco-friendliness, corrugated paper was the most suitable helmet material for producing micro-mobility users. However, future work should consider more aesthetic and stylistic elements of helmet design.

본 연구는 스마트 대학 캐릭터를 구현하기 위한 인터랙션 디자인 시나리오 개발을 목적으로 한다. 국내 H 대학 사례연구를 통해, 대학 캐릭터 인터랙션 기능과 콘텐츠 아이디어를 바탕으로 한 사용 시나리오를 제시하였다. 연구 방법으로, 가레트와 쉐드로프의 이론을 근거로 사용 시나리오를 도출하였다. 그 과정으로 첫째, H 대학 캐릭터의 컨셉과 조형을 분석하였다. 둘째, H 대학의 캐릭터 컨셉인 캠퍼스 라이프를 주제로 인터랙션 시나리오를 개발하기 위해 H 대학 학생들과 FGI를 실시, 브레인스토밍 및 카드소팅을 통해 초기 인터랙션 기능 아이디어를 정리하였다. 셋째, H 대학 재학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시, 인터랙션 기능 선호도를 확인하였다. 그 결과를 종합하여, 선호도가 높은 기능들을 위주로 맥락적으로 구성하여 H 대학 캐릭터 인터랙션 사용 시나리오를 제시하였다.

Background Under the Road Traffic Act amendment enacted in 2021, all road users aged 14 and over must wear helmets when using micro-mobility vehicles such as E-scooters and E-bikes. However, it is still difficult to find micro-mobility users who wear helmets on the road. In this study, we investigate the design factors for developing a transformable helmet that can maximize portability to promote more micro-mobility users carrying the helmet. This study aims to explore the material, structure, and morphological features of commercially available transformable helmets and obtain design considerations by observing micro-mobility user behavior. Methods This study investigated road safety rules and regulations related to helmets for micro-mobility. By conducting a survey, we examined users willingness to wear a helmet when using micro-mobility and identified the factors influencing their helmet choice. From this, the study confirmed the needs and requirements for transformable helmet design. In addition, this study has extensively explored commercially available transformable helmets that may suit the user of micro-mobility. All reviewed helmets were categorized by folding structure, weight, and materials related to the design of transformability and analyzed according to their structural features. Results This study first identifies that various factors could influence a micro-mobility users perception in relation to road safety and helmet use. The study explored the characteristics of helmets in various forms by examining the transformable helmets in the domestic and overseas markets. As a result, this study was able to classify transformable helmets into five groups: transformable helmets that reduce width or thickness through a folding structure, collapsible helmets that reduce space by layering flexible materials, flippable helmets that reduce thickness by using a rotating hinge, stretchable helmets that reduce the size by spacing units apart, and blowable helmets that inflate. Conclusions This study identified the advantages, disadvantages, and usability features of each design type of transformable helmet and provided suggestions and considerations during the product designing stages. In addition, this study identified the need to establish KC(Korea Certification) safety standards for transformable helmets.