Quick Menu
Research
해외논문
-
Evaluation of the lead and chromium removal capabilities of Bacillus subtilis-induced food waste compost-based biomedia
Food waste compost (FWC) is a sustainable recycling approach employed in soil media, offering extensive advantages to urban areas by promoting resource circulation and effectively managing water pollution. To improve value, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)-induced FWC-based biomedia (BIBMFWCs) was produced via a secondary treatment involving selective meso-thermophilic stages. During the production of BIBMFWCs, physicochemical properties were found to have favorable characteristics for the efficient removal of metal ions. The produced organic-carbonate complex structure demonstrated the synergistic effect involving simultaneous sorption/precipitation mechanisms for the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III). Also, the dose of B. subtilis has an impact on the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) reaction, leading to distinct removal capacities for Pb(II) and Cr(III) [24.26–24.74 mg g− 1 in Pb(II) and 12.7–23.93 mg g− 1 in Cr(III)]. Furthermore, B. subtilis, an inducing mediator for microbial metabolites, exhibits the potential to facilitate the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III) through biological modification of raw materials, which are transformed, facilitating the presence of hydroxyl groups, immobilizing metal ions, and enabling ion exchange via biogenic carbonate formation processes. Finally, the developed BIBMFWCs could be used as a naturebased solution (NBS) material without in-situ pH control.
2024-07-31 10:59 -
Modelling heavy-metal phytoextraction capacities of Helianthus annuus L. and Brassica napus L.
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to test the phytoextraction potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) during the initial growth in the heavy metal (i.e., Cd, Ni, Zn, and Pb) contaminated soil. The target plants were grown for 30 d in pots filled up with soil treated with various concentrations of heavy metals. The wet/dry weights of plants and heavy-metal concentrations were measured, and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and Freundlich-type uptake model were then used to measure their capacities of phytoextracting accumulated heavy metals from the soil. It was observed that the wet/dry weights of sunflower and rapeseed decreased, and heavy-metal mass uptake increased in plants commensurate with the elevating heavy metal concentrations in the soil. The sunflower BAF for heavy metals was higher than that of rapeseed. The Freundlichtype uptake model suitably described the phytoextraction capacities of sunflower and rapeseed in a soil contaminated with a single heavy metal and can be used to compare the phytoextraction capacities of different plants for the same heavy metal or of the same plant with different heavy metals. Although this study is based on limited data from two species of plants and soils contaminated with one heavy metal, it provides a basis for evaluating the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals during their initial growth stages. Additional studies utilizing diverse hyperaccumulator plants and soils polluted with multiple heavy metals are essential to enhance the suitability of the Freundlich-type uptake model for assessing the phytoextraction capacities of intricate systems.
2024-07-31 10:56 -
The use of explainable artificial intelligence for interpreting the effect of flow phase and hysteresis on turbidity prediction
Predicting turbidity (T), which represents the amount of fine sediment in water, is essential in effective water quality management. In this study, two ensemble learning models, XGBoost and light gradient boosting decision tree (LGB), were employed to predict T, using discharge (Q) as an independent variable. The input variables were classified into three groups based on the flow phase: rising limb, falling limb, and base flow, where different time–frequency datasets (2, 8, and 24 h) were utilized to develop the model. In the first model set (Model 1), each model was trained separately for every phase, and their performance was tested by applying each to the corresponding Q. Another model set using XGBoost and LGB was developed by considering the entire period without classification for a comparison purpose (Model 2). The results demonstrated that Model 1 which used data classified into three phases outperformed Model 2. Further analysis of the flood phase and hysteresis in the relationship between Q and T showed that different data distributions in the three phases determined the performance differences between Models 1 and 2. By considering these differences, Model 1 exhibited better performance compared to Model 2. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), a novel explainable artificial intelligence method, provided a reasonable interpretation of the difference in model predictions between Models 1 and 2.
2024-07-31 10:52

국내논문
-
Optimal Injection Dosage Determination of Calcium polysulfide (CPS) for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Complex Heavy Metals with Various Concentration Ranges
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the optimal injection dosage of calcium polysulfide (CPS) for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at varying concentrations. CPS, a powerful reducing agent, was applied to groundwater samples from two contaminated sites with high and low heavy metal levels. Increasing CPS dosage resulted in higher pH and lower oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). In the high-concentration sample, a CPS dosage of 0.3% achieved over 99% removal of Cd and Zn, with CPS/heavy metal mass ratios of 2.29 for Cd and 3.13 for Zn. In the low-concentration sample, CPS dosages between 0.03% and 0.06% also achieved 99% removal but required higher mass ratios (15.88 for Cd and 5.33 for Zn). Surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed the formation of metal sulfides such as CdS and ZnS. The findings suggest that lower metal concentrations necessitate higher CPS-to-metal ratios for effective remediation, underscoring the importance of site-specific optimization of CPS injection for stabilizing heavy metals in groundwater.
Key words : Calcium polysulfide (CPS, CaSx), Complex heavy metals, Groundwater, Precipitation, Metal suilfides2025-02-06 15:17 -
Nitrogen Transport In Groundwater-Surface Water Hyporheic Zone at Brackish Lake
해수에 의해 염분의 영향을 받는 기수호(brackish lake)인 송지호의 퇴적물(sediment), 대수층 충진재(aquifer materials), 지표수, 지하수를 채수 및 채취하여 분석하고, 해당 시료를 이용하여 염분의 영향을 받는 혼합대(hyporheic zone)를 모사하는pilot scale 컬럼 실험을 진행하였다. 지하수의 상향류 실험 결과, 소량의 염분을 포함한 지하수가 대수층 및 퇴적물로 용승하며낮은 용존산소 농도를 유지하였다. 또한 대수층에서 염분과 낮은 용존산소로 인해 부분 탈질(partial denitrification)이 발생해 NO2 -의 축적이 확인되었다. 퇴적물에서는 긴 체류시간에 의해 질소계 화합물이 흡착되거나 미생물 매개의 산화/환원 반응으로인해 질소계 화합물 농도가 저감되었다. 지표수의 하향류 실험 결과, 높은 농도의 용존산소와 염분을 포함한 기수호의 지표수가퇴적물과 대수층으로 침투하며 높은 용존산소 농도를 공급하였다. 이로인해 퇴적물과 대수층에서 생물학적 질산화(nitrification)가발생하였고, 지표수의 높은 염분 농도에도 불구하고 질소계 오염물질이 저감되었다. 이를 통해, 염분의 영향을 받는 상향류의혼합대의 경우 낮은 용존산소 농도로 부분 탈질이 발생하며 염분에 의해 NO2 -가 축적되고, 하향류의 혼합대의 경우 높은 용존산소농도에 의해 질산화가 발생하며 염분의 영향을 크게 받지 않는다. 이를 통해 기수호 내 염분이 혼합대의 질소 거동에 일부 영향을미치나 DO, pH, 기질 농도, 유기물질 농도 등의 요인이 복합적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.
2024-08-05 17:03 -
주기적인 초음파 조사에 따른 Microcytis aeruginosa의 성장억제 분석
목적 : 장기적인 조류 성장억제 효과를 위하여 초음파 1차 조사 종료 이후 일정기간 조류 성장억제가 지속된 후 Microcystis aeruginosa(M. aeruginosa)의 재성장 시 초음파의 재조사를 통해 Microcystis aeruginosa의 성장억제 효과를 조사하고, 조류 성장억제 효율과 효과의 지속성을 확인하기 위하여 실험실 규모 실험을 진행하였으며 이를 바탕으로 다양한 분석을 진행하였다. 방법 : 대조군 A(0hr)과 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군 B(2hr), 2차조사를 적용한 실험군 C(0.5hr), D(1hr), E(1.5hr)으로 구분하여 각 조건별로 실험을 진행하였다. 초음파 조사 조건은 주파수 23kHz, 출력6.94 W L ^-1 으로 적용하였으며, 초음파 2차 조사의 경우 1차 조사 이후 조류가 재성장 하는 시점(7days)에 초음파 재조사를 진행하였다. 결과 및 토의 : Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 및 M. aeruginosa의 개체수(cell number) 분석 결과, 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군(B)은 저감 이후 조류의 급격한 재성장이 진행된 반면, 초음파 2차 조사를 적용한 실험군 (C, D, E)은 초음파의 조사시간이 줄어들어도 조류의 재성장이 지연되는 것을 확인하였다. 비정상속도와 일차분석속도를 도출한 결과, 재성장 기간 동안 초음파 2차 조사를 적용한 실험군(C,D,E)은 반복적인 조류성장 불능화로 인하여 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군(B) 대비성장률이 상대적으로 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 또한 SEM, TEM 분석 결과, 초음파의 영향으로 조류 세포의 손상이 뚜렷하게 관측되었으며 대조군 대비 실험군은 M. aeruginosa 세포 내 기낭의 분포 감소와 세포막의 변형을 관찰하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 초음파 조사에 의한 조류 성장억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 초음파의 재조사는 반복적은 조류 성장 불능화에 기여하여 재조사 시, 1차 조사 대비 초음파 조사기간을 단축하여도 조류의 재성장에 필요한 시간은 더욱 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 정체수역 내 장기적 조류 성장억제를 위해서는 주기적인 초음파 조사가 필요하나, 초음파의 적정 조사 주기는 실제 현장의 규모, 조류 발생정도, 수온, 광량, 영양염류, 유속 등 다양한 복합적 인자의 영향에 따라 상이할 것으로 예상되며, 최적화된 초음파 조사 프로토콜을 수립하기 위해서는 다양한 조건에서의 부지특이성을 고려한 현장 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.
2024-07-31 10:47
