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해외논문
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Remediating zinc-contaminated groundwater with calcium polysulfide using model porous media and simulated groundwater
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using calcium polysulfide (CPS) for in-situ redox manipulation (CPS-ISRM) to remediate Zn-contaminated groundwater, focusing on concentrations exceeding 10,000 mg/L at a zinc smelting site in South Korea. Experiments with sand-only and sand-clay columns revealed that subsurface heterogeneity significantly impacts CPS transport, reactivity, and removal efficiency. Homogeneous sand conditions allowed rapid CPS migration and over 99 % Zn removal, albeit within a shorter reactive time frame. In contrast, heterogeneous sand-clay media enabled prolonged localized reactions due to CPS retention, although with less than 50 % Zn removal due to restricted distribution. CPS interactions with groundwater and geochemical constituents varied based on subsurface conditions, influencing permeability and chemical evolution. Precipitation including the formation of ZnS(s) and CaSO4(s) drove localized clogging and changes in hydraulic conductivity, particularly in confined zones of the sand-clay column. These findings highlight the importance of subsurface characterization and tailored CPS injection protocols, considering site-specific factors such as subsurface heterogeneity, groundwater chemistry, and interactions between CPS, groundwater constituents, and the targeted contaminants. Understanding these system dynamics is imperative for optimizing CPS-ISRM technology for field-scale groundwater remediation.
2025-04-15 09:37 -
Decoupling soil pH and geography: Universal drivers of cadmium bioavailability in rice across terrains
With the accelerating global industrialization, Cadmium (Cd) pollution in rice has become a significant threat to both ecological safety and human health. But the universal factors influencing Cd content across different terrains remain under-investigated. Hence, 300 groups of root system-rice samples were collected from typical rice planting areas in the plains and hills of Southern China to investigate the driving factors of Cd content in rice at a large scale. Moreover, a Cd content prediction model in rice was built. Results showed that although total Cd (T-Cd) and available Cd (DTPA-Cd) contents in rice soils from hilly areas were significantly lower than those in plains, the Cd content in rice was significantly higher (P < 0.05). In a geographical distribution analysis, there was a weak correlation between geographical distance and Cd content in soil (∣R∣<0.30, P < 0.05), although this showed evidence of gradual geographical changes. In addition, this study found that DTPA-Cd (positive correlation, feature importance score of 42.67) and soil pH (negative correlation, 38.91) were the most critical factors that influenced Cd content in rice from different terrains using a network diagram and random forest model computation. In summary, there was evidence of a complicated interaction between terrain and soil pH in rice-Cd pollution at a large regional scale. Soil pH and DTPA-Cd were dominant influencing factors of Cd content in rice when compared to geographical distribution. These results provide an important scientific reference for large-scaled Cd pollution monitoring, control, and risk evaluation.
2025-04-14 14:49 -
Evaluation of the lead and chromium removal capabilities of Bacillus subtilis-induced food waste compost-based biomedia
Food waste compost (FWC) is a sustainable recycling approach employed in soil media, offering extensive advantages to urban areas by promoting resource circulation and effectively managing water pollution. To improve value, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)-induced FWC-based biomedia (BIBMFWCs) was produced via a secondary treatment involving selective meso-thermophilic stages. During the production of BIBMFWCs, physicochemical properties were found to have favorable characteristics for the efficient removal of metal ions. The produced organic-carbonate complex structure demonstrated the synergistic effect involving simultaneous sorption/precipitation mechanisms for the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III). Also, the dose of B. subtilis has an impact on the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) reaction, leading to distinct removal capacities for Pb(II) and Cr(III) [24.26–24.74 mg g− 1 in Pb(II) and 12.7–23.93 mg g− 1 in Cr(III)]. Furthermore, B. subtilis, an inducing mediator for microbial metabolites, exhibits the potential to facilitate the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III) through biological modification of raw materials, which are transformed, facilitating the presence of hydroxyl groups, immobilizing metal ions, and enabling ion exchange via biogenic carbonate formation processes. Finally, the developed BIBMFWCs could be used as a naturebased solution (NBS) material without in-situ pH control.
2024-07-31 10:59

국내논문
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Optimal Injection Dosage Determination of Calcium polysulfide (CPS) for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Complex Heavy Metals with Various Concentration Ranges
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the optimal injection dosage of calcium polysulfide (CPS) for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at varying concentrations. CPS, a powerful reducing agent, was applied to groundwater samples from two contaminated sites with high and low heavy metal levels. Increasing CPS dosage resulted in higher pH and lower oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). In the high-concentration sample, a CPS dosage of 0.3% achieved over 99% removal of Cd and Zn, with CPS/heavy metal mass ratios of 2.29 for Cd and 3.13 for Zn. In the low-concentration sample, CPS dosages between 0.03% and 0.06% also achieved 99% removal but required higher mass ratios (15.88 for Cd and 5.33 for Zn). Surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed the formation of metal sulfides such as CdS and ZnS. The findings suggest that lower metal concentrations necessitate higher CPS-to-metal ratios for effective remediation, underscoring the importance of site-specific optimization of CPS injection for stabilizing heavy metals in groundwater.
Key words : Calcium polysulfide (CPS, CaSx), Complex heavy metals, Groundwater, Precipitation, Metal suilfides2025-02-06 15:17 -
Nitrogen Transport In Groundwater-Surface Water Hyporheic Zone at Brackish Lake
해수에 의해 염분의 영향을 받는 기수호(brackish lake)인 송지호의 퇴적물(sediment), 대수층 충진재(aquifer materials), 지표수, 지하수를 채수 및 채취하여 분석하고, 해당 시료를 이용하여 염분의 영향을 받는 혼합대(hyporheic zone)를 모사하는pilot scale 컬럼 실험을 진행하였다. 지하수의 상향류 실험 결과, 소량의 염분을 포함한 지하수가 대수층 및 퇴적물로 용승하며낮은 용존산소 농도를 유지하였다. 또한 대수층에서 염분과 낮은 용존산소로 인해 부분 탈질(partial denitrification)이 발생해 NO2 -의 축적이 확인되었다. 퇴적물에서는 긴 체류시간에 의해 질소계 화합물이 흡착되거나 미생물 매개의 산화/환원 반응으로인해 질소계 화합물 농도가 저감되었다. 지표수의 하향류 실험 결과, 높은 농도의 용존산소와 염분을 포함한 기수호의 지표수가퇴적물과 대수층으로 침투하며 높은 용존산소 농도를 공급하였다. 이로인해 퇴적물과 대수층에서 생물학적 질산화(nitrification)가발생하였고, 지표수의 높은 염분 농도에도 불구하고 질소계 오염물질이 저감되었다. 이를 통해, 염분의 영향을 받는 상향류의혼합대의 경우 낮은 용존산소 농도로 부분 탈질이 발생하며 염분에 의해 NO2 -가 축적되고, 하향류의 혼합대의 경우 높은 용존산소농도에 의해 질산화가 발생하며 염분의 영향을 크게 받지 않는다. 이를 통해 기수호 내 염분이 혼합대의 질소 거동에 일부 영향을미치나 DO, pH, 기질 농도, 유기물질 농도 등의 요인이 복합적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.
2024-08-05 17:03 -
주기적인 초음파 조사에 따른 Microcytis aeruginosa의 성장억제 분석
목적 : 장기적인 조류 성장억제 효과를 위하여 초음파 1차 조사 종료 이후 일정기간 조류 성장억제가 지속된 후 Microcystis aeruginosa(M. aeruginosa)의 재성장 시 초음파의 재조사를 통해 Microcystis aeruginosa의 성장억제 효과를 조사하고, 조류 성장억제 효율과 효과의 지속성을 확인하기 위하여 실험실 규모 실험을 진행하였으며 이를 바탕으로 다양한 분석을 진행하였다. 방법 : 대조군 A(0hr)과 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군 B(2hr), 2차조사를 적용한 실험군 C(0.5hr), D(1hr), E(1.5hr)으로 구분하여 각 조건별로 실험을 진행하였다. 초음파 조사 조건은 주파수 23kHz, 출력6.94 W L ^-1 으로 적용하였으며, 초음파 2차 조사의 경우 1차 조사 이후 조류가 재성장 하는 시점(7days)에 초음파 재조사를 진행하였다. 결과 및 토의 : Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 및 M. aeruginosa의 개체수(cell number) 분석 결과, 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군(B)은 저감 이후 조류의 급격한 재성장이 진행된 반면, 초음파 2차 조사를 적용한 실험군 (C, D, E)은 초음파의 조사시간이 줄어들어도 조류의 재성장이 지연되는 것을 확인하였다. 비정상속도와 일차분석속도를 도출한 결과, 재성장 기간 동안 초음파 2차 조사를 적용한 실험군(C,D,E)은 반복적인 조류성장 불능화로 인하여 초음파 1차 조사만 적용한 실험군(B) 대비성장률이 상대적으로 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 또한 SEM, TEM 분석 결과, 초음파의 영향으로 조류 세포의 손상이 뚜렷하게 관측되었으며 대조군 대비 실험군은 M. aeruginosa 세포 내 기낭의 분포 감소와 세포막의 변형을 관찰하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 초음파 조사에 의한 조류 성장억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 초음파의 재조사는 반복적은 조류 성장 불능화에 기여하여 재조사 시, 1차 조사 대비 초음파 조사기간을 단축하여도 조류의 재성장에 필요한 시간은 더욱 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 정체수역 내 장기적 조류 성장억제를 위해서는 주기적인 초음파 조사가 필요하나, 초음파의 적정 조사 주기는 실제 현장의 규모, 조류 발생정도, 수온, 광량, 영양염류, 유속 등 다양한 복합적 인자의 영향에 따라 상이할 것으로 예상되며, 최적화된 초음파 조사 프로토콜을 수립하기 위해서는 다양한 조건에서의 부지특이성을 고려한 현장 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.
2024-07-31 10:47
